低能耗高保坍型聚羧酸系减水剂的合成及性能

合成工艺的低能耗是减水剂绿色制备的一个重要发展方向,研制高保坍型聚羧酸系减水剂解决现代混凝土施工中面临的坍落度损失控制难题具有重要实践意义。采用复合氧化-还原体系,在20 ℃条件下,以异戊烯醇聚氧乙烯醚、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯和丙烯酸为共聚单体,一步法合成了高保坍型聚羧酸系减水剂。通过单因素试验和正交试验研究了丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、链转移剂、还原剂、氧化剂用量对聚合物分散性和保坍性的影响规律,得到了最佳合成工艺为:丙烯酸丁酯与丙烯酸羟乙酯等摩尔取代丙烯酸的用量为30%,链转移剂用量为0.25%,还原剂用量为0.22%,氧化剂用量为0.30%(占聚醚大单体质量),反应时间为4 h。与国外同类产品相比,按最佳合成工艺参数制备的保坍剂具有显著的小坍度保持能力和较低的掺量敏感性,特别适用于小坍落度高保坍要求的混凝土施工。     

Gerontechnology acceptance by elderly Hong Kong Chinese: a senior technology acceptance model (STAM)

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a senior technology acceptance model (STAM) aimed at understanding the acceptance of gerontechnology by older Hong Kong Chinese people. The proposed STAM extended previous technology acceptance models and theories by adding age-related health and ability characteristics of older people. The proposed STAM was empirically tested using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey with a sample of 1012 seniors aged 55 and over in Hong Kong. The result showed that STAM was strongly supported and could explain 68% of the variance in the use of gerontechnology. For older Hong Kong Chinese, individual attributes, which include age, gender, education, gerontechnology self-efficacy and anxiety, and health and ability characteristics, as well as facilitating conditions explicitly and directly affected technology acceptance. These were better predictors of gerontechnology usage behaviour (UB) than the conventionally used attitudinal factors (usefulness and ease of use).

Practitioner Summary: Previous studies have not given much consideration to age-related health and associated abilities when examining acceptance of technology by the ageing population. By encompassing conventional technology acceptance constructs together with age-related health and ability characteristics, the present study was able to identify more factors affecting gerontechnology acceptance by older Hong Kong Chinese.     

纳米TiO_2改性苯丙乳液内墙涂料的研究

采用物理掺和法,在苯丙乳液中加入锐钛型纳米TiO2,制成内墙涂料,进行抑菌试验和甲醛降解实验研究,分析了纳米TiO2的光催化原理和抗菌机理。结果表明,随着TiO2含量增加,甲醛降解能力和抗菌性能增强,当TiO2含量为4%时效果最好。     

Hot-pressurized fluid extraction of flavonoids and phenolic acids from Brazilian propolis and their cytotoxic assay in vitro

This work has examined the hot-pressurized fluid extraction of seven flavonoids, caffeic acid phenethyl ester and four phenolic acids from Brazilian propolis lumps generating, during the process, fat- and water-soluble extracts. The solid content of water-soluble extract obtained by hot-pressurized water in the presence of 29% natural surfactant was 35.2 mg/mL and was 44% greater than that obtained without natural surfactant. Furthermore the amount of the seven flavonoids and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the fat-soluble extract exceeded those in the water-soluble sample while, on the other hand, the amount of the four phenolic acids in the water-soluble extract was more than those in the fat-soluble extract. Our findings show that the total solid content and the amount of these 12 active compounds produced by the emulsified hot-pressurized water are 36% and 7% higher, respectively, than those produced by emulsified water at atmospheric pressure. The EC₅₀ value of the free radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl of the emulsified hot-pressurized water extract was the lowest, and presented the strongest anti-oxidation ability among all the extracts. In vitro cytotoxicity indicated that the water-soluble extract strongly suppressed the growth of leukemia (HL-60, U937), lung cancer (A549, CH27) and liver cancer (Hep G2, Hep 3B) cells in a concentration-dependent behavior.     

磷矿的反应活性及其评价方法研究

介绍评价磷矿反应活性的实验装置;用磷矿在一定浓度酸液中,在一定温度、一定反应时间下的分解率表示磷矿的反应活性。实验研究了不同因素对磷矿反应活性的影响,并测试了11种磷矿的反应活性指数及抗硫酸的阻缓性能。评价方法与实验结果均具有参考价值。     

镀锌层三价铬钝化工艺

概述了镀锌层三价铬钝化膜形成机理及特性,及国内外三价铬钝化工艺应用情况,三价铬钝化液的使用寿命长,镀液成分较稳定,并可得到不同色泽的钝化膜,采用封闭剂处理显著提高了膜层耐蚀性;三价铬钝化能减少对环境的污染,是我国电镀清洁生产推荐的工艺,具有实用参考价值。     

多层复合丝网过滤效率的研究

用于液—固分离的滤材,其过滤速率是影响过滤设备生产效率的一项重要指标,在实际生产中,要提高设备的过滤效率就要研究如何降低滤材对滤液的阻力。对不同过滤精度的烧结网进行了透水和透油试验,从中发现过滤精度与流体阻力之间的关系。丝网滤材透液率和分离液体的粘度和滤材表面浸润性能及两侧的压差有关。     

氯化N-苄基-4-乙烯基吡啶聚合物的抗菌活性

氯化N-烷基-4-乙烯基吡啶聚合物,简称可溶性PVP,是一类具有高活性、低毒性和诸多潜在的特殊用途的季铵盐抗菌材料.本研究对聚-N-苄基乙烯基吡啶进行了合成与提纯,并对其在不同物理化学条件下抗菌性能差异进行了研究,结果表明温度、溶液条件等因素的变化对于样品的抗菌性能有重大影响.     

乳化剂SP-80合成动力学影响因素的探讨

考察乳化剂SP-80合成中相关动力学影响因素,以产品的乳化能力为考核指标,通过正交试验法优选出最佳工艺条件:醇酸比(摩尔比)为1∶1.3,山梨醇脱水温度为110~130℃,山梨醇脱水时间为2.0~2.5h,真空度为3.0kPa,酯化反应温度为200~210℃,酯化反应时间为3.5~4.5h,催化剂用量为0.30%~0.40%。     

高分子和盐对3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵泡沫性能的影响

测定了3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵(C12TAB)在PVP、PEG和溴化钠存在下的泡沫性能。结果表明：含量相同时，C12TAB／NaBr混合体系的起泡性能高于C12TAB／高分子体系，而稳泡性能低于后者。含量相同的C12TAB／高分子体系，PVP对C12TAB的影响好于PEG。